Does more investment in primary care improve health system performance?

This study examines the association between primary care investment and performance, in 34 OECD countries for 2005–15. Specifically, we explore whether an increasing investment in primary care is associated with improved performance, and whether particular characteristics of organisation and delivery are associated with a better return on primary care investment. We take advantage of new data sources that provide rich information on health and health systems as well as economic and distributional characteristics. Multilevel modelling was utilised to analyse cross-country variation. The results show that greater investment in primary care does not improve health system performance for complex targets (i.e., no reduction in preventable hospital admissions) though there is modest improvement in breast and cervical cancer screening rates. We also found that those countries in which GPs are more aware of health promotion/preventive activities achieve higher screening rates with the same amount of investment. The findings imply that primary care investment strategies need to look beyond high-level expenditure and characteristics of primary care strength, to institutional and funding arrangements and how these link to policy goals. Despite broad enthusiasm for strengthening primary care in general, we conclude that primary care policy needs to be appropriately targeted to improve health system performance.     

FGF21 Protects Dopaminergic Neurons in Parkinson’s Disease Models Via Repression of Neuroinflammation

Neurotoxicity Research - Fibroblast growth factor21 (FGF21), a member of the FGF family, plays multiple biological functions including anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative stress, and anti-apoptosis....     

Clinical features of multiple system atrophy with or without rapid eye movement behavior disorder: a cross-sectional study in southwest China

Clinical Autonomic Research - The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of rapid eye movement behavior disorder (RBD) in Chinese patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA) and to...